A hipófise se localiza inferiormente ao cérebro, em uma depressão (fossa) do osso esfenóide conhecida como sela túrcica. Apesar de estar anatômica e funcionalmente conectada ao cérebro, a glândula pituitária é envolvida pela dura-máter e está fora da barreira hematoencefálica. Ela está separada do espaço subaracnoideo pelo diafragma da sela, logo a aracnóide e o fluido cérebro-espinhal não pode acessar a sela túrcica. A hipófise se localiza no interior da sela túrcica e é dividida em dois lobos (anterior ou adenoipófise e posterior ou neurohipófise). O lobo anterior, que compreende dois terços do volume da glândula, e o lobo posterior que compreende um terço do volume da glândula, separados entre si pela “pars intermedia”. O lobo posterior (lobo neural ou neurohipófise) da glândula pituitária não é, apesar do nome, uma glândula verdadeira. O lobo posterior contém axônios de neurônios que se estendem do hipotálamo, com o qual está conectado pelo talo hipofisário. Os hormônios vasopressina e ocitocina, produzidos pelos neurônios dos núcleos supra-ópticos e paraventriculares do hipotálamo, são armazenados no lobo posterior e liberados nas terminações axônicas (dendritos) localizadas no lobo. O lobo anterior da hipófise (adenoipófise) é uma glândula verdadeira que produz e secreta seis hormônios diferentes: o hormônio estimulador da tireóide (TSH), o hormônio adrenocorticotrófico (ACTH), o hormônio folículo estimulante (FSH), o hormônio luteinizante (LH), o hormônio do crescimento (GH) e a prolactina (PRL).
Toda e qualquer disfunção em um ou mais hormônio produzido pelo complexo sistema do eixo hipotálamo–hipofisário, irá comprometer o crescimento estatural, fazendo com que criança, infantil, juvenil, adolescente e mesmo adultos sofrerão consequências sequenciais, ocasionando em todas as fases humanas de desenvolvimento o comprometimento de baixa estatura, que eventualmente seja o menor dos males no caso de hipopituitarismo. A solução quando possível é de dificuldade extrema devido a importância metabólica e fisiológica desta disfunção.
CHILDREN
WITH SHORT STATURE AND ADULTS WITH SUSPECTED
HYPOPITUITARISM, DR. JOÃO S. CAIO JR. ET DRA. H. CAIO.
COMMITMENT OF CHILD, CHILDREN, YOUTH WITH LOW HEIGHT: HYPOPITUITARISM THIS IS A CONDITION IN WHICH THE PITUITARY GLAND (ALSO CALL FOR PITUITARY) SUMMARIZES ABNORMALLY REDUCED QUANTITIES OF SOME OR ALL HORMONES PRODUCED BY IT;
PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY-NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY , DR. JOÃO SANTOS CAIO JR. ET DRA. HENRIQUETA V. CAIO.
COMMITMENT OF CHILD, CHILDREN, YOUTH WITH LOW HEIGHT: HYPOPITUITARISM THIS IS A CONDITION IN WHICH THE PITUITARY GLAND (ALSO CALL FOR PITUITARY) SUMMARIZES ABNORMALLY REDUCED QUANTITIES OF SOME OR ALL HORMONES PRODUCED BY IT;
PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY-NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY , DR. JOÃO SANTOS CAIO JR. ET DRA. HENRIQUETA V. CAIO.
This
gland is located within the skull, more specifically a so-called bone structure
sella cell.
The synthesis of pituitary hormones is regulated by the hypothalamus, is responsible for the synthesis of various hormones, such as TSH (thyroid controls), ACTH (controls the adrenal), FSH and LH (act gonads), GH (growth hormone), prolactin (lactation operates in the process) and DHA (responsible for water retention in the body). Once the pituitary participates in some ways, the functioning of most of the glands of the body, any problem in its operation may impair several important body functions. The causes of the emergence of hypopituitarism are diverse. The most commonly observed is the presences of malignant tumors that do not necessarily are very rare, but as they grow, impair pituitary by changing your hormone production. Any type of lesion generated in this gland, such as, for example, generated by a traumatic brain injury can alter the operation thereof are mechanical injuries such as motorcycles or other vehicles, surgical, chemical, etc. The blood circulation impaired pituitary can also lead to hypopituitarism. Irrigation problems in this gland can result from compression by a tumor of blood vessels that nourish the pituitary, circulatory collapse, caused by bleeding in the postpartum period (problem known as Sheehan's syndrome ) period may lead to aseptic necrosis of the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland is often called the "master gland" of the human body. Part of the hypothalamic -pituitary endocrine controls numerous functions in the body through the release of various hormones into the circulatory system. The pituitary gland is located inferior to the brain in a depression (fossa) of the sphenoid bone known as the sella. Despite being anatomically and functionally connected to the brain, the pituitary gland is surrounded by the dura and is outside the blood brain barrier. It is separated from the subarachnoid space through the diaphragm of the saddle, then the arachnoid and cerebrospinal fluid cannot access the sella. The pituitary gland is located within the sella and is divided into two lobes (anterior or posterior adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis). The anterior lobe, comprising two thirds of the volume of the gland, and the posterior lobe comprising a third of the volume of the gland, separated by "pars intermedia". The posterior lobe (neural lobe or neurohypophysis) of the pituitary gland is not, despite its name, a true gland. The posterior lobe contains axons of neurons that extend from the hypothalamus, which is connected to the pituitary stalk.
The hormones vasopressin and oxytocin, produced by neurons of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus, are stored in the posterior lobe and released at axon endings (dendrites) located in the lobe. The anterior lobe of the pituitary (adenohypophysis) is a true gland that produces and secretes six different hormones: the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL). Any dysfunction in one or more hormone produced by the complex system of the hypothalamus - pituitary axis, will undermine the growth spurt, causing child, childhood, youth, teenagers and even adults suffer sequential consequences, resulting in all stages of human development the commitment of stunting, which is possibly the lesser of two evils in the case of hypopituitarism. The solution when possible is extremely difficult due to metabolic and physiological significance of this dysfunction.
The synthesis of pituitary hormones is regulated by the hypothalamus, is responsible for the synthesis of various hormones, such as TSH (thyroid controls), ACTH (controls the adrenal), FSH and LH (act gonads), GH (growth hormone), prolactin (lactation operates in the process) and DHA (responsible for water retention in the body). Once the pituitary participates in some ways, the functioning of most of the glands of the body, any problem in its operation may impair several important body functions. The causes of the emergence of hypopituitarism are diverse. The most commonly observed is the presences of malignant tumors that do not necessarily are very rare, but as they grow, impair pituitary by changing your hormone production. Any type of lesion generated in this gland, such as, for example, generated by a traumatic brain injury can alter the operation thereof are mechanical injuries such as motorcycles or other vehicles, surgical, chemical, etc. The blood circulation impaired pituitary can also lead to hypopituitarism. Irrigation problems in this gland can result from compression by a tumor of blood vessels that nourish the pituitary, circulatory collapse, caused by bleeding in the postpartum period (problem known as Sheehan's syndrome ) period may lead to aseptic necrosis of the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland is often called the "master gland" of the human body. Part of the hypothalamic -pituitary endocrine controls numerous functions in the body through the release of various hormones into the circulatory system. The pituitary gland is located inferior to the brain in a depression (fossa) of the sphenoid bone known as the sella. Despite being anatomically and functionally connected to the brain, the pituitary gland is surrounded by the dura and is outside the blood brain barrier. It is separated from the subarachnoid space through the diaphragm of the saddle, then the arachnoid and cerebrospinal fluid cannot access the sella. The pituitary gland is located within the sella and is divided into two lobes (anterior or posterior adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis). The anterior lobe, comprising two thirds of the volume of the gland, and the posterior lobe comprising a third of the volume of the gland, separated by "pars intermedia". The posterior lobe (neural lobe or neurohypophysis) of the pituitary gland is not, despite its name, a true gland. The posterior lobe contains axons of neurons that extend from the hypothalamus, which is connected to the pituitary stalk.
The hormones vasopressin and oxytocin, produced by neurons of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus, are stored in the posterior lobe and released at axon endings (dendrites) located in the lobe. The anterior lobe of the pituitary (adenohypophysis) is a true gland that produces and secretes six different hormones: the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL). Any dysfunction in one or more hormone produced by the complex system of the hypothalamus - pituitary axis, will undermine the growth spurt, causing child, childhood, youth, teenagers and even adults suffer sequential consequences, resulting in all stages of human development the commitment of stunting, which is possibly the lesser of two evils in the case of hypopituitarism. The solution when possible is extremely difficult due to metabolic and physiological significance of this dysfunction.
Dr. João Santos Caio Jr.
Endocrinologia – Neuroendocrinologista
CRM 20611
Dra. Henriqueta V. Caio
Endocrinologista – Medicina Interna
CRM 28930
1. A associação entre a resposta de crescimento com uso de hormônio de crescimento-GH e composição corporal inicial de criança, infantil, juvenil com deficiência de hormônio de crescimento tem um diferencial importante...
http://hormoniocrescimentoadultos.blogspot.com.
2. O tratamento precoce com GH-hormônio de crescimento pode reverter estes valores para perto dos normais e prevenir obesidade, dislipidemias, doenças cardiovasculares, osteoporose, hipertensão arterial sistêmica e diabetes mellitus tipo 2, complicações observadas principalmente em adultos com DGH-deficiência do hormônio de crescimento com a descontinuidade do tratamento na infância ou adolescência...
http://longevidadefutura.blogspot.com
3. Na década de 90 o panorama deu uma guinada de 180º, e através da engenharia genética, aplicando a técnica do DNA recombinante...
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AUTORIZADO O USO DOS DIREITOS AUTORAIS COM CITAÇÃO
DOS AUTORES PROSPECTIVOS ET REFERÊNCIA BIBLIOGRÁFICA.
Referências Bibliográficas:
Caio Jr, João Santos, Dr.; Endocrinologista, Neuroendocrinologista, Caio,H.V., Dra. Endocrinologista, Medicina Interna – Van Der Häägen Brazil, São Paulo, Brasil; Nwosu BU, Lee MM ; Avaliação de baixa estatura e alto em crianças. Am Fam Physician. 2008 01 de setembro, 78 (5) :597-604; Ferry Jr et al ; baixa estatura, Medscape, Abr 2010; Spadoni GL, Cianfarani S ; avaliação da idade óssea na propedêutica de crianças com distúrbios endócrinos. Horm Res Paediatr. 2010, 73 (1): 2-5. Epub 2010 Jan 15; Hormônio do crescimento humano (somatropina) para o tratamento de deficiências do crescimento em crianças , o NICE Tecnologia Appraisal (maio de 2010); Deodati A, Cianfarani S ; Impacto da terapêutica hormonal de crescimento em altura adulta de crianças com idiopática BMJ. 2011 Mar 11; 342: c7157. doi: 10.1136/bmj.c7157; Bryant J, L Baxter, Caverna CB, et al ; hormônio de crescimento recombinante para baixa estatura idiopática em crianças e Banco de Dados Cochrane Syst Rev. 2007 18 de julho, (3): CD004440; Britânico Formulário Nacional; 62 Edição (Set 2011) Associação Médica Britânica e Sociedade Farmacêutica Real da Grã-Bretanha, Londres.
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